中、美「乒乓外交」是近代世界外交史上的一件大事,這宗大事的可貴處在於雙方利用體育而非經濟關係打破僵局,在講求「現實」的外交範疇上可說別樹一幟。但今時不同往日,現在中國是芸芸「發展中國家」中的財神,反過來成為了很多已發展國家主要賺取外匯的對象。另一方面,在世界工廠的影響底下,貿易赤字已成為外國外交官對著中國外交官的必然對話引子。但講平價貨,中國永遠不假外求,只有高科技產品才是中國的心頭好,在這種客觀環境下,「飛機外交」無疑已成為中國領導人應對歐、美等大國的一種權宜之計。美國商務部曾指05年對華貿易逆差增加24.5%,達2,016億美元。
國家領導人胡錦濤未動身訪美,美國國務卿賴斯(Condoleezza Rice)已放風,希望胡主席幫幫忙,落單向波音購買80架大型客機,總值達46億美元。而去年12月溫家寶總理訪問法國時,亦專程到法國大型飛機製造商「空中巴士」參觀,同日即時落單購買150架空中巴士,總值97億美元。
飛機能成為中國對外的外交貨幣,主要由於歐盟對華軍售禁令仍然有效,令歐洲各國對華的軍事出口等於零,除了軍事因素外,飛機飛行關乎人命,就是國內有心人大肆抄襲技術,國內同胞還寧願相信老外名牌,這與國內盛行使用翻版電子產品的硬件與軟件之一套慣常做法是兩碼子事。而在「飛機外交」中大大得益的歐洲空中巴士公司,也相當識做,在北京設立工程技術中心,並計劃到明年底招聘200名中國工程師,設計及建造A350空巴,目前正在清華大學延攬機械設計人才,又將在夏天與中方達成協議,轉讓短程的A320飛機裝嵌生產線,更合作生產EC-175的6噸級重型民用直升機,目的自然只有一個──拋磚引玉搶生意。
另外,空中巴士更承諾,讓中國可生產A350飛機5%的機身結構部件,更重要的是獲得生產先進客機的技術。由於中國在「十一五規劃」中,宣布製造大型飛機,這個得益簡直是有力幫忙。
潄化學工業的風險管理
近排有班以前在大孖沙羅仲榮間超霸電池廠做的大陸工人嚟到香港,要求羅生賠番鎘金屬中毒的醫藥費。禢中怡在報紙上見到,工人的BB變咗鍾無艷實在有點唔安樂。而羅生方面,已經搵咗PR話佢哋否認指控。
做得同重金屬、化學有關的工業,安全措施及風險管理千萬要做足,因為化工廠一旦出事,只要有少少嫌疑,受害者就成世煩住你。
以前美國有間公司就因一宗意外搞到雞毛鴨血。1984年12月3日,印度博帕爾貧民區附近,一間叫美國聯合碳化物(Union Carbide)嘅農藥廠,漏出大量的異氰酸甲酯(MIC),搞到二千幾人即時死亡,二萬幾人後來都陸續死亡、二十幾萬人殘廢,當地仲有大量畸形BB出世。由於實在死人太多,結果聯合碳化物公司,要賠印度政府4.7億美元,兼且要賣埋在當地嘅業務,而該公司的CEO被印度政府通緝。呢次意外之後不久,聯合碳化物公司就俾人乘機狙擊,雖然最後也撃退敵手,但已元氣大傷,之後仲要不斷賣業務俾人。好似大家常用的勁量電芯,以前就係聯合碳化物之招牌作,後來賣咗俾做寵物食品的Purina公司(依家係雀巢嘅子公司),其後勁量再成功分拆成獨立的公司。
最後,聯合碳化物連最後堡壘石油化工生意,都賣咗俾美國陶氏化工(DOW),不過幫受害者主持公道的民間團體,仍然繼續追聯合碳化物追到瘦,而且連以前陶氏化工,提供俾越南的落葉劑橙劑(Agent Orange)搞到越南成街畸形BB筆數一齊計,新仇舊怨齊齊來,單嘢過咗廿年都未收得科。
買股票不是零和遊戲
港股是否便宜,看看滙控(005及中移動(941)便知。兩間公司佔恒指比重高達45%,股市升定跌根本便是由這兩間公司「話事」。滙控預期市盈率不足12倍,對這間全球第二大的銀行而言,實屬便宜。中移動亦不過是14倍,對於中國最大亦質素最佳的電訊公司來說,亦不算昂貴。
利息上升,對一些投資者而言可能是壞消息。不過,大家要分清楚這個因果關係,早前說過日本便是最佳例子。長線而言,隨著經濟增長以及通脹,股市的大趨勢應是欣欣向榮。最近,股神巴菲特的旗艦巴郡(Berkshire Hathaway)推出了一種類似跌市保險的合約。換句話說,購入這類期權的投資者在跌市時可以賺錢。合約包括四個市場,其中一個為美國,餘下三個為非美國市場。
由於這只是一個權利,對買家而言損失的亦只是買入合約的金額。因此,這類保單適合一些保險公司對沖股市下跌的風險。有人問,由於巴郡是發行商,該公司所面對的風險理論上是無限的。根據其計算,如果該四個指數去年大幅下滑30%,巴郡的稅前損失便為9億美元,而最大的潛在損失是140億美元。不過,合約年期長達15至20年。由於股市長期向上,相信巴郡輸的機會接近零。與炒輪不同,買股票不是零和遊戲。一間擁有良好管理層的公司,自然可為股東增值。
事實上,巴菲特雖然亦有看錯的時候,但正如不少偉大的投資,他在分析大趨勢方面很少出錯。這亦可解釋為何公司由1965至2005年間,複式回報率高達21.5%,為標普500指數的一倍。
有趣相片
不知是作者無心,還是禢中怡多心,一讀「GOD」掛在銅鑼灣霎東街的宣傳板上這句英文slogan時,就即時覺得不大對勁,讀音與一句中文粗口竟不謀而合,罪過!罪過!
(06-04-06 刊於《am730》)
This was the response to your column of 16 March 2006. Due to unknown reason, it was bounced back to my own account and I am so glad that you had opened a blog for me to post the following comments.
ReplyDeleteSsu-ma Niu appeared worried, saying, 'All men have brothers. I alone have none.' Tzu-hsia said, 'I have heard it said: life and death are a matter of Destiny; wealth and honour depend on Heaven. The gentleman is reverent and does nothing amiss, is respectful towards others and observant of the rites, and all within the Four Seas are his brothers. What need is there for the gentleman to worry about not having any brothers?'
司馬牛憂曰人皆有兄弟我獨亡子夏曰商聞之矣死生有命 富貴在天君子敬而無失與人恭而有禮四海之內皆兄弟也君子何患乎無兄弟也
Dear 禢中怡,
I am one of your big fans and find your column as the most enjoyable that of AM730. Unfortunately, on today's paper(16 March 2006), the wisdom utterance you quoted as HSBC's is not quite correct. The credits should have gone to the Chinese Saint, Confucius. The quote is a common translation of the captioned chapter of the analects of Confucius. You had back translated it into Chinese and done it right. Please refer to the above.
I would also like to share my thoughts on the school ethos of the traditional "famous schools". Due to unknown reasons, the "liberal" school ethos are disappearing in many traditional schools. I am not claiming I had graduated from any one famous school, but I had the observation that the students of my Alma Master are not treated/respected as young gentlemen as those were my days. They are now treated as school boys literally and the most sad thing is, they deserve this. Shame!
Yours sincerely,
Chin hang siu
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